5 Pain Relief Options Compared
When it comes to pain relief medication, there are a few different options. Some are better suited to certain types of pain. Some are only available on prescription. And there are some that you should never mix. This guide explains the differences between five of the most popular painkillers so that you know when and how to use them.
Paracetamol
Also known as acetaminophen, this is the most commonly used painkiller. It comes in several branded forms including Tylenol, Panadol and Calpol (for kids). Paracetamol works by blocking pain signals from the brain, as well as affecting the area of our brain that regulates temperature. As a result, it is good for both pain relief and reducing fevers. Too much paracetamol can cause lethal liver damage so it’s important to stick to no more than 4 tablets in 24 hours. Headaches, toothache, stomach aches and earache are some of the pains relieved by paracetamol.
NSAIDs
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) include ibuprofen, naproxen and aspirin. Unlike paracetamol, these drugs work by blocking prostaglandins - the enzymes that cause inflammation. NSAIDs are therefore better suited to types of pain caused by inflammation like back pain, joint pain and period pain. Both paracetamol and NSAIDs can be taken together to relieve certain types of pain like toothaches and earaches. You should however never take two types of NSAIDs together (such as ibuprofen and naproxen) as they both do the same thing and this could damage your kidneys. It’s advisable not to take more than 6 tablets per day. Be wary that aspirin is a blood thinner as well as a NSAID and may not be suitable for everyone.
Opioid painkillers
Paracetomol and NSAIDs may not be effective against moderate to severe pain. In these cases, opioid painkillers may be recommended. Opioids work by blocking pain signals to the brain.You can buy mild doses of opioids painkillers over the counter such as codeine. However, higher strength opioid medication like morphine must be prescribed by a doctor. Due to being highly addictive and dangerous if regularly taken, most doctors recommend staying away from opioid painkillers unless pain is extreme. Codeine can be taken with paracetamol or NSAIDs.
Medical marijuana
Marijuana is known for being a popular recreational drug that is still illegal in some parts of the world. However, it is also an effective painkiller - with some studies comparing its effects to codeine, but with much less dangerous side effects. Medical marijuana is available in many states across the US via prescription and can be taken in many forms. Two chemicals - CBD and THC - both contribute to marijuana’s pain relief effects and can be taken independently in extract form. CBD extract is preferable for those that don’t want the high and is more widely legal than THC.
Herbal pain relief
There are several herbal supplements that can help to relieve pain. These include willow bark, valerian, turmeric and ginger. These herbal painkillers are not as potent as other painkillers listed above, but can still be worth trying - especially if you don’t rely on drugs. It’s worth researching whether you can mix these herbs with painkillers. Maximum daily dosage can vary depending on the type of herb.